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VM Differences

The Core Space VM is compatible with the EVM in most cases, but there are some differences. This page lists the differences between the two.

Address Calculation​

The contract address calculation is different from Ethereum. Check Core Address for more details.

1820 Registry​

The 1820 registry is a contract that stores the addresses of other contracts that implement certain interfaces. It is used to implement the EIP-1820 standard. The 1820 registry is deployed at Core Space hex40 address 0x88887eD889e776bCBe2f0f9932EcFaBcDfCd1820

Opcode​

  • The BLOCKHASH opcode can only take NUMBER-1 as input. (Unlike Ethereum, which takes any integer in NUMBER-256 to NUMBER-1 as input). This is the only break opcode.

Which means the Solidity built-in function blockhash can only take block.number - 1 as input.

Block Gas Limit​

The block gas limit is fixed at 30000000.

block.number​

The block.number is the sequence number in whole tree-graph.

Internal Contracts​

Core Space has some built-in internal contracts that are not in Ethereum.

Gas​

  1. Gas used and refund: Conflux requires less gas in SSTORE operation but no longer refunds resetting storage and contract destruction.
  2. Gas Fee Refund: In Ethereum, if a transaction's gas limit exceeds the actual gas cost, the remaining gas is fully refunded. In contrast, Conflux refunds a maximum of 1/4 of the gas limit. Setting an excessively high gas limit in Conflux can lead to additional transaction fee costs. However, no extra fees are incurred if the gas limit is set to less than 4/3 of the actual cost. Therefore, providing an accurate gas estimate for a transaction is crucial for optimizing transaction fees.