While OpenZeppelin is a widely used and respected smart contract library, there are alternative libraries that offer improved gas efficiency. Two notable examples are Solmate and Solady. These libraries have been tested and recommended by developers for their focus on gas optimization.
在 Solidity 中，不同的数据存储类型的选择可能会在合约操作时带来不同的 gas 消耗，尤其是存储或修改状态变量时。 以太坊虚拟机（EVM）对所有操作收取燃气费，选择使用bytes32或 string类型会影响这些消耗。
In factory contracts, we often need to create several child contracts, and there are three common ways to do this:
In Solidity, how you initialize state variables can have a impact on the deployment cost of your contracts, specifically in terms of gas usage. The Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) requires gas for every operation, including the initialization of variables.
This tutorial explores how using storage pointers instead of copying data to memory can result in substantial gas savings. Storage pointers allow developers to directly reference storage without unnecessary copying of data, leading to more efficient smart contract execution.
在标准的 ERC20 中，用户通常需要执行两个单独的交易：
降低 gas 费用的小窍门
1. memory : 通常用于修饰函数参数和函数内的临时变量。 此类变量存储在内存中，不会永久保存在区块链上。
In the contract, all functions are organized into an array and systematically sorted by their MethodID, a unique identifier for each function. This organization not only streamlines the management of function calls but also facilitates quick access by imposing a structured order that can be efficiently searched during function executions.
In Solidity, the way data is stored can significantly impact the gas costs associated with deploying and interacting with smart contracts. Gas costs can quickly become a major concern, especially in applications that handle a large number of transactions.
变量打包
In Solidity, predicting contract addresses before their deployment can save substantial gas, especially when deploying interdependent contracts. This method eliminates the need for setter functions and storage variables, which are costly in terms of gas usage. We can use the LibRLP library from Solady to deterministically compute the addresses based on the deployer's nonce.
在Solidity中，使用delete关键字来移除状态变量将其重置为其类型的默认值。 默认值根据数据类型而异：
The cost of executing transactions on the Ethereum network can be very high, especially when interacting with smart contract storage using the SSTORE opcode. To mitigate these costs, developers can leverage alternative methods like SSTORE2 for more efficient data handling.
We know that before the Solidity version 0.8, it was necessary to manually import the SafeMath library to ensure data safety and avoid overflow, thereby preventing overflow attacks.
In Solidity, leveraging the payable keyword can be a subtle yet effective way to optimize gas usage. In this article, we explore two distinct scenarios where using payable can lead to gas savings: in constructors and admin functions.
In Solidity, optimizing gas usage is crucial for creating efficient smart contracts. One technique involves using the selfdestruct function within the constructor for contracts designed for one-time use. This approach can reduce gas costs by eliminating the contract from the blockchain once its purpose is fulfilled.
When designing upgradable smart contracts, gas efficiency is critical for users interacting with the contract. There are two common upgrade patterns: UUPS (Universal Upgradeable Proxy Standard) and the Transparent Upgradeable Proxy. While both enable upgradability, the UUPS pattern is generally more gas efficient for users.
在区块链上存储数据的成本极高。 很多项目创新性地使用了一些巧妙的方法来降低gas费用。 我们今天将会讨论那些常见于龙头项目的源代码中的方法。
在智能合约中使用修饰符进行重入检查可以通过确认合约当前是否正在执行来提升安全性。 通常，布尔型标志用于控制访问权限，只有当合约尚未激活时才允许函数运行。
This tutorial explores how making the architecture of your smart contracts monolithic, rather than having several contracts that communicate with each other, can result in gas savings. 合约间的调用可能会非常昂贵，通过将逻辑整合到单个合约中，可以避免这些成本，尽管在复杂性和模块化方面会有一些权衡。
In Solidity, the choice between using modifiers and internal functions can impact the gas costs associated with contract operations. 本文探讨了在执行典型操作时，修饰符和内部函数之间在燃气使用方面的差异。 了解这些差异可以帮助开发者优化他们的智能合约，以优化合约功能并控制成本。
In Solidity, the way you manage and interact with arrays can impact the gas cost of your smart contract operations. This tutorial demonstrates the difference in gas usage between fixed-size arrays and dynamic arrays when they are filled with values. This understanding can help developers make more cost-effective decisions when designing smart contracts.
在 Solidity 中，可以通过将多个状态修改调用批量处理为单个交易，以在路由器类合约中实现多调用功能，显著降低燃气成本。 这种技术在像 Uniswap 和 Compound 平台的合约中非常有价值。
在许多常见的DeFi项目中，我们经常遇到需要定义许多新的局部变量和更新现有全局变量的各种复杂计算。 众所周知，修改存储比在内存中进行更改的成本要高得多。
1. 常量(constant): 声明一个常量，必须在声明时进行初始化,之后不能再被改变。
当以太坊虚拟机（EVM）执行交易时，随附的调用数据（calldata）指定了要执行的合约函数，会产生 gas 费。 These fees are calculated based on the calldata size, with 0 bytes costing 4 gas units and non-0 bytes costing 16 gas units. 这种定价结构鼓励有效利用调用数据以减少交易成本，特别是在交易量大或操作复杂的合约中。
在 Solidity 中，不同的数据结构会显著影响因合约操作而产生的 gas 成本。 本文探讨了在执行插入、删除和检索等典型操作时，映射 和 动态数组 在 gas 使用上的差异。 了解这些差异可以帮助开发者优化他们的智能合约，以优化合约功能并控制成本。
在合约开发中，增量操作是基础操作，由于它们在计数和循环机制中经常使用。 Each method of incrementing has subtle nuances that may affect gas consumption and readability:
在以太坊虚拟机（EVM）中，选择比较运算符会影响智能合约的效率和燃气消耗。 Opting for ` (greater than) over ≤ (less than or equal to) and ≥ (greater than or equal to) is notably more gas-efficient. 这是因为 EVM 的设计中没有直接的操作码指令支持 ≤ 和 ≥`，实现这些比较需要额外的操作。
在Solidity中，每一个需要上链的操作都需要消耗gas，短路运算是一种编码技巧，它仅在第一个参数没有确定结果时才评估逻辑操作的第二个参数，从而显著减少不必要的gas消耗，提高效率。
在Solidity中，开发者可以以三种主要形式定义错误： revert、 require 和 assert。 从功能角度来看，这些方法的主要区别有两个：
Initializing a storage variable from zero to a non-zero value is one of the most gas-intensive operations a contract can perform. It requires a total of 22,100 gas, including 20,000 gas for changing the value from zero to non-zero and 2,100 gas for cold storage access.